Symptoms and Diagnosis of ADHD
Adults are typically not diagnosed until they have significant issues at work, home or at school. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition Text Revision of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5) is utilized by health professionals to diagnose mental disorders.
A thorough evaluation will include ADHD symptom lists and standardized scales for assessing behavior. Health care professionals ask about the family's history, and look at the school records from the past.
Signs and symptoms
ADHD symptoms can have a negative impact on the way a person lives their life regardless of whether at school, home or at work. They can cause issues in relationships and careers, financial issues and even a driver's licence. They can also trigger emotional distress. It's normal to have trouble concentrating or being organized from time to time, but if it becomes a chronic problem and interferes with everyday functioning, a health care provider may be able to diagnose ADHD.
A health professional will need to evaluate the person in two different environments, such as at home and in school, as well as in social and workplace situations. The health care professional has to be observing the person for at least six month and determine whether the symptoms are impacting their ability to function. The symptoms should also have started before 12 years old. Children who meet diagnostic criteria for hyperactivity/impulsivity or inattentive type of ADHD usually are fidgety, talkative and have excess energy that keeps them from sitting still. They are often unable to wait for their turn and often interrupt or interfere with others.
Children who suffer from the inattentive form of ADHD are not able to sit or stand quietly and have trouble following instructions or staying focused. They are often distracted or snoozing. They're more likely to be ignored and miss out on opportunities for learning, especially in the early years of school, which could cause them to be a failure later in life.
The hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD is most common in children and involves the presence of at least six symptoms that include extreme restlessness, trouble with paying attention, constant movement or "on the go" behavior, excess energy and talkativeness. They have trouble sitting or waiting for their turn, blurting out answers before they are finished and have trouble controlling their emotions.
Being diagnosed with ADHD can be a great relief however, it's not always easy to accept. It's fine to be embarrassed. But, honesty is the best way to go. For some, it will be the first time they've realized their struggles have a name. This understanding can alter the way they view themselves, which may be a positive influence.
Diagnosis
When it is about ADHD symptoms can manifest at different times in children and adults. In children, the symptoms usually begin in the middle of elementary school. For adults, it's a bit later. The symptoms can be mild, moderate or severe. They can also be a combination of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity or more focused on one or the other. In diagnosed with adhd can be misdiagnosed as autistic or a mood disorder such as anxiety or depression.
If your child or teenager shows symptoms of ADHD The first step is to speak with your doctor. They will do physical examinations that includes hearing and vision, to make sure there's nothing other than ADHD. Your child and you will be asked to complete a list of symptoms. They'll want to know how their symptoms have impacted their home and school life. They will also want to be informed about any past issues they've faced.
For adults, a healthcare provider who is certified to diagnose ADHD will use clinical interviews and behavior rating scales or symptom checklists to determine whether they meet the requirements for diagnosis. They may also conduct psychological tests to assess your cognitive abilities as well as learn how you process information and think. They may also perform an examination of the brain using the FDA-approved Neuropsychiatric EEG Based Assessment Aid (NEBA) A tool that measures the activity of certain parts of the brain that regulate your attention and impulsivity.
They will also examine your medical records to determine whether there are any other mental disorders or injuries, such as thyroid or head trauma which can trigger similar symptoms. They might refer you to a psychiatrist or psychologist to conduct a thorough assessment.
You must show at least six symptoms which began in childhood or prior to the age of 12. The symptoms must have been present for at minimum 6 months and be causing serious problems in your daily functioning. Adults must meet the lower threshold for diagnosis, but the criteria are the same: You must be suffering from at least five symptoms that cause problems with your social, work and personal life.
Treatment
The aim of treatment is to improve symptoms and improve functioning at school, home and at work. There are a range of treatments available, including treatment with medication and behavioral therapy. Some people also find success through lifestyle changes, like setting up a routine that is consistent by using a planner notebook and scheduling tasks ahead of time. Some people may benefit from learning disabilities therapies like metacognitive therapy which helps them improve their problem-solving and organizational abilities or cognitive behavioral treatment that addresses the distortions in thinking, leading to low self-esteem and negative moods.
Health professionals who have been specially trained to recognize ADHD can suggest the most effective treatment plan for a person's situation. They will look at the person's present symptoms and, if an adult, their childhood behavior and school experiences. They will conduct clinical interviews, behavior rating scales and symptom checklists to determine whether the person has met the the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. They might also inquire about the family history of mental illness and physical illnesses. They will ask the person, their parents and teachers about their moods, behaviors and attitudes and about how they've changed over time.
The diagnosis of ADHD is based on six or more symptoms which begin before 12 years of age and cause issues in at least two different settings (at school, at home or in social situations). The symptoms must be present for a minimum of 6 months. Additionally, the symptoms must be more severe than what is expected for a person at that age.
There are no blood tests or brain scans to diagnose ADHD, but medical checks are usually done to make sure there's nothing else wrong with the individual. Doctors will examine the person's medical and psychiatric history and look over their symptoms. They may also recommend an eye or hearing test. Some people who suffer from ADHD have a genetic predisposition to develop the condition. Anyone who has a parent or sibling with ADHD has a 91% chance of develop the disorder. ADHD is often accompanied by anxiety or mood disorder. These conditions can be more difficult to manage than ADHD alone.
Prevention
Many things, like certain medical conditions, as well as learning disabilities, can cause symptoms similar to those of ADHD. It is important to speak with an expert in mental health or health care provider for an assessment prior to making an assessment. This person will ask about your child's issues and how they impact their daily life. They may use checklists or rating scales to determine if your child has ADHD. They may also perform a physical examination and test for hearing or visual issues. They may also request an examination of the brain, known as an EEG, which examines beta and theta waves to detect changes in your child's brain's function.
To be able to diagnose a child with ADHD, they must have numerous symptoms that are significantly more than normal for their age or developmental level. The symptoms of inattention, impulsivity or hyperactivity have to cause serious problems at home, at school or at work. The symptoms must also affect your child's ability to interact with other children. If your child suffers from severe or moderate ADHD they will require medication to live a normal life.
Children suffering from ADHD may have difficulty following directions and staying focused. This can lead to lower grades and a loss of self-esteem. They may also have difficulty with social interactions because they struggle to discern social cues and frequently interrupt others or come off as aggressive or intense. They are at risk for depression, anxiety, substance misuse, and issues with relationships.
Mild ADHD is defined by symptoms that are apparent but do not hinder daily life, making it difficult to maintain relationships or work. People with severe or moderate ADHD are more prone to symptoms and are more likely to have job-related problems, such as difficulties in keeping jobs, interacting with coworkers, or maintaining relationships.
People who don't receive treatment could face serious consequences, including financial difficulties, health problems and legal issues. There are a number of treatments for ADHD which include behavioral therapy and psychosocial interventions including diet and nutrition, exercise, sleep improvements, and medications. NIMH offers more information on these options and how you can talk with your family about these options.